
氢氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)钠(na),又称(cheng)火碱(jian)(jian)、烧碱(jian)(jian)和苛性(xing)钠(na)(sodium hydroxide;lye and caustic soda)等,化(hua)(hua)(hua)学式为NaOH,是一种具有(you)高(gao)腐蚀性(xing)的强(qiang)碱(jian)(jian),一般为白(bai)色(se)片状或颗粒(li),能(neng)(neng)溶于(yu)(yu)水生成碱(jian)(jian)性(xing)溶液(ye),另也能(neng)(neng)溶解于(yu)(yu)甲醇及(ji)乙醇。此碱(jian)(jian)性(xing)物具有(you)潮解性(xing),会吸收空气中(zhong)的水蒸气,亦会吸取二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳、二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)硫(liu)等酸性(xing)气体。
氢氧化(hua)钠为常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)化(hua)学品(pin)(pin)之一(yi)。其(qi)应用(yong)(yong)(yong)广泛,为很(hen)多(duo)工业过(guo)程的(de)必(bi)需品(pin)(pin):常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于制造木浆纸(zhi)张、纺织(zhi)品(pin)(pin)、肥皂及其(qi)他清洁剂(ji)(ji)等,另也用(yong)(yong)(yong)于家(jia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)水管疏通剂(ji)(ji)。2004年全球总(zong)(zong)共(gong)制造了六千万吨的(de)氢氧化(hua)钠,而总(zong)(zong)消(xiao)耗(hao)量(liang)为五千一(yi)百万吨。